6,606 research outputs found
Understanding tidal dissipation in gaseous giant planets from their core to their surface
Tidal dissipation in planetary interiors is one of the key physical
mechanisms that drive the evolution of star-planet and planet-moon systems.
Tidal dissipation in planets is intrinsically related to their internal
structure. In particular, fluid and solid layers behave differently under tidal
forcing. Therefore, their respective dissipation reservoirs have to be
compared. In this work, we compute separately the contributions of the
potential dense rocky/icy core and of the convective fluid envelope of gaseous
giant planets, as a function of core size and mass. We demonstrate that in
general both mechanisms must be taken into account.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figures, CoRoT Symposium 3 / Kepler KASC-7 joint meeting,
Toulouse, July 2014; To be published by EPJ Web of Conference
The 2D dynamics of radiative zones of low-mass stars
In the context of secular evolution, we describe the dynamics of the
radiative core of low-mass stars to understand the internal transport of
angular momentum in such stars which results in a solid rotation in the Sun
from 0.7R_sun to 0.2R_sun and a weak radial core-envelope differential rotation
in solar-type stars. This study requires at least a 2D description to capture
the latitudinal variations of the differential rotation. We build 2D numerical
models of a radiative core on the top of which we impose a latitudinal shear so
as to reproduce a cylindrical differential rotation in a convective envelope.
We perform a systematic study over the Rossby number measuring the latitudinal
differential rotation at the radiative-convective interface. The imposed shear
generates a geostrophic flow implying a cylindrical differential rotation. When
compared to the baroclinic flow that arises from the stable stratification, we
find that the geostrophic flow is dominant when the Rossby number is high
enough with a cylindrical rotation profile. For low Rossby numbers, the
baroclinic solution dominates with a quasi-shellular rotation profile. Using
scaling laws from 3D simulations, we show that slow rotators are expected to
have a cylindrical rotation profile. Fast rotators may have a shellular profile
at the beginning of the main-sequence in stellar radiative zones. This study
enables us to predict different types of differential rotation and emphasizes
the need of a new generation of 2D rotating stellar models developed in synergy
with 3D numerical simulations. The shear induced by a surface convective zone
has a strong impact on the dynamics of the underlying radiative zone in
low-mass stars. But, it cannot produce a flat internal rotation profile in a
solar configuration calling for additional processes for the transport of
angular momentum in both radial and latitudinal directions.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Tidal inertial waves in the differentially rotating convective envelopes of low-mass stars - I. Free oscillation modes
Star-planet tidal interactions may result in the excitation of inertial waves
in the convective region of stars. In low-mass stars, their dissipation plays a
prominent role in the long-term orbital evolution of short-period planets.
Turbulent convection can sustain differential rotation in their envelope, with
an equatorial acceleration (as in the Sun) or deceleration, which can modify
the waves' propagation properties. We explore in this first paper the general
propagation properties of free linear inertial waves in a differentially
rotating homogeneous fluid inside a spherical shell. We assume that the angular
velocity background flow depends on the latitudinal coordinate only, close to
what is expected in the external convective envelope of low-mass stars. We use
i) an analytical approach in the inviscid case to get the dispersion relation,
from which we compute the characteristic trajectories along which energy
propagates. This allows us to study the existence of attractor cycles and infer
the different families of inertial modes; ii) high-resolution numerical
calculations based on a spectral method for the viscous problem. We find that
modes that propagate in the whole shell (D modes) behave the same way as with
solid-body rotation. However, another family of inertial modes exists (DT
modes), which can propagate only in a restricted part of the convective zone.
Our study shows that they are less common than D modes and that the
characteristic rays and shear layers often focus towards a wedge - or
point-like attractor. More importantly, we find that for non-axisymmetric
oscillation modes, shear layers may cross a corotation resonance with a local
accumulation of kinetic energy. Their damping rate scales very differently from
what we obtain for standard D modes and we show an example where it is
independent of viscosity (Ekman number) in the astrophysical regime in which it
is small.Comment: 17 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Prescription Drug Abuse and Provider-Patient Communication: A Qualitative Analysis of the Perspectives of Prescribers and Patients
Prescription drug abuse is a public health problem of epidemic proportions in the United States. Provider-patient communication underpins many initiatives aimed at preventing and reducing the public health burden of prescription drug abuse. The characteristics of and factors contributing to this interpersonal process, however, have not been fully explored.
The purpose of this research was to examine: 1) the overall problem of prescription drug abuse and provider-patient communication about prescription drug abuse from the patient perspective; and 2) provider-patient communication about prescription drug abuse from the prescriber perspective. In 2014-2015, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 patients from primary care and addiction medicine and 10 prescribers from multiple health professions and medical fields in Central and South Central Appalachia. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis, facilitated by qualitative data analysis software, was used to generate themes.
Patients perceived prescription drug abuse as a problem, both in terms of its prevalence and contribution to negative consequences. Patients connected abuse to accessibility, identifying routes of access, routine practices, and rationales involved in the acquisition and distribution of prescription drugs for abuse. With regard to provider-patient communication, patients reported different levels of engagement in prescription drug abuse-related communication with healthcare providers—active, passive, and no/limited. Prescribers likewise reported different patterns of prescription drug abuse-related communication with patients—informative, counteractive, and supportive. Collectively, patients and prescribers described a range of factors—personal and environmental—that positively and negatively influence provider-patient communication and, by association, prescriber delivery and patient receipt of healthcare related to prescription drug abuse. When comparing the perspectives of patients and prescribers, multiple similarities in their prescription drug abuse-related communication perceptions and behaviors were identified.
The findings of this research have implications for: 1) clinical practice to mitigate prescription drug abuse and improve patient prescription drug abuse-related communication behaviors; 2) patient- and prescriber-targeted interventions to improve provider-patient communication about prescription drug abuse; and 3) future research to continue to advance understanding of provider-patient communication about prescription drug abuse
- …